Sources & Further Reading
iSources checked: September 2026
Sources reviewed in September 2026: links checked for availability and extended with references for the current state. As the AI landscape evolves quickly, some details may have changed since then.
Sources
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European Parliament and Council (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 – EU AI Act. Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj
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National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023). AI Risk Management Framework (AI 100-1). https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/executive-order-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence
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Buolamwini, J. & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1–15. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html
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Chouldechova, A. (2017). Fair Prediction with Disparate Impact: A Study of Bias in Recidivism Prediction Instruments. Big Data, 5(2), 153–163. https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00056
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Patterson, D. et al. (2021). Carbon Emissions and Large Neural Network Training. arXiv:2104.10350. https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.10350
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Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (2024). C2PA Technical Specification. https://spec.c2pa.org/specifications/specifications/2.1/specs/C2PA_Specification.html
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Google PAIR (2024). People + AI Guidebook. https://pair.withgoogle.com/guidebook/
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Microsoft (2024). Responsible AI Toolkit. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/responsible-ai
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European Parliament and Council (2026). Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 – Digital Omnibus on AI. Amends Regulation (EU) 2024/1689; defers the high-risk deadlines to 2 December 2027 (Annex III) and 2 August 2028 (Annex I). Official Journal of 24 July 2026, in force since 27 July 2026. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj
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German Federal Environment Agency (2026). CO₂ emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity, 2025. Emission factor of the German grid mix: 344 g CO₂/kWh. https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/themen/co2-emissionen-pro-kilowattstunde-strom-2025-nur
Further Reading
Regulation
- EU AI Act Explorer: Interactive overview of the EU AI regulation with search functionality. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/
- NIST AI RMF Playbook: Practical guidance for implementing the AI Risk Management Framework. https://airc.nist.gov/AI_RMF_Knowledge_Base/Playbook
Fairness & Bias
- AI Fairness 360 (IBM): Open-source toolkit for detecting and mitigating bias in ML models. https://aif360.res.ibm.com/
- Fairlearn (Microsoft): Python library for assessing and improving fairness of AI systems. https://fairlearn.org/
Sustainability & Transparency
- ML CO2 Impact: Calculator for the carbon footprint of machine learning experiments. https://mlco2.github.io/impact/
- Content Credentials (Adobe): Implementation of the C2PA standard for media authenticity. https://contentcredentials.org/